UK investigates cattle botulism outbreaks linked to animal feed

UK – An investigation is underway in England after outbreaks of botulism, suspected to be linked to contaminated animal feed, led to the deaths and culling of more than 700 cattle across several counties.

The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) and the Food Standards Agency (FSA) confirmed that cases have been reported in Essex, Northamptonshire, and Shropshire. 

While the disease is often fatal in livestock, officials have emphasized that there is no immediate risk to human health and that protective measures have been put in place to prevent contaminated products from entering the food chain.

“An animal feed product has been withdrawn from the market on a precautionary basis,” said Jodie Wild, head of the incidents unit at the FSA. “We won’t hesitate to take further rapid action to protect animal health.”

Contaminated feed under scrutiny

Authorities believe the outbreaks are connected to a specific batch of feed supplied by a company certified under government assurance schemes. 

The Agricultural Industries Confederation (AIC), which represents the agricultural supply industry, confirmed that the feed business is cooperating with investigators and that customers who may have received affected supplies have been notified.

APHA regional laboratories are conducting on-farm and laboratory investigations, while affected farms have been advised to work closely with private veterinarians. 

Farmers are urged to report suspected cases promptly, as the incubation period for botulism can last up to three weeks, meaning additional cases may still emerge.

Understanding botulism in cattle

Botulism is caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which thrives in decaying organic matter such as rotting vegetation, animal carcasses, or spoiled feed. 

In cattle, the disease causes progressive muscle weakness, paralysis, and, in severe cases, sudden death. Cattle are highly sensitive to the toxin, and even small amounts can be fatal.

Symptoms vary depending on the level of exposure and can include staggering, incoordination, difficulty swallowing, loss of tongue control, and eventual respiratory failure. Once clinical signs appear, recovery is rare.

The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has noted an increase in confirmed outbreaks in the UK since 2003, underscoring the importance of preventive measures. 

These include ensuring high-quality feed, proper disposal of animal and bird carcasses, safe use of poultry litter, and good farm biosecurity. In high-risk areas, vaccination may also be recommended.

Ongoing investigations

Authorities are continuing to trace the source of the contamination and monitor the extent of the outbreaks. While human health is not believed to be at risk, officials stress that safeguarding measures remain in place to protect the wider food chain.

“This is an evolving situation, and we are taking it very seriously,” Wild said. “Our priority is to contain the outbreaks and ensure farmers have the support they need.”

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