Research finds that citric acid enhances mineral absorption in tilapia

BRAZIL – Recent research by scientists from Embrapa Environment and the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS) has revealed the significant benefits of citric acid as a feed additive for Nile tilapia. 

The study, published in the Animal Feed Science and Technology journal, highlights the impact of citric acid on improving intestinal morphology and gastrointestinal health in tilapia, the most widely farmed fish species in Brazil.

The study received support from the BRS Aqua project, which aims to bolster Embrapaʼs research capabilities and advance Brazilian aquaculture through innovative technologies. 

The research demonstrated that supplementing citric acid in tilapia diets increased phosphorus availability by 42% and calcium availability by 47%. 

These findings are particularly important for the aquaculture industry, as enhanced phosphorus and calcium absorption can reduce the need for excessive mineral supplementation. 

This not only minimizes the environmental impact of fish farming but also presents a potential for significant cost savings.

Citric acid, known for its affordability and pleasant taste, is commonly used as a feed additive for various animal species. It is typically included in feeds at concentrations ranging from 1% to 4%, aiding nutrient absorption and growth. 

Despite its widespread use in terrestrial animals, limited research has been done on its effects on aquatic species, making this study a valuable contribution to the field.

Hamilton Hisano, the study’s coordinator from Embrapa Environment, says, “While citric acid supplementation does not significantly affect tilapia growth or body composition, its role in enhancing macromineral utilisation—particularly phosphorus—is vital for creating environmentally-friendly diets. This helps to limit phosphorus pollution in aquatic ecosystems.”

The research found that citric acid supplementation improved mineral absorption and enhanced the fish’s immune status. 

Moreover, this improvement in immune health could reduce the need for antimicrobial agents, addressing both production costs and consumer concerns about the use of such substances in animal feed.

Ricardo Borghesi, a researcher at Embrapa’s sector of Partnerships for Innovation, noted that the study’s findings could have far-reaching implications for the domestic fish industry. 

By promoting the use of citric acid in aquafeeds, the industry can improve fish health and performance and contribute to a more sustainable future for aquaculture practices.

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